Validation of classic and expanded criteria for endoscopic submucosal dissection of early gastric cancer: 7 years of experience in a Western tertiary cancer center

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to evaluate the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society criteria for endoscopic submucosal resection of early gastric cancer (EGC) based on the experience in a Brazilian cancer center. METHODS: We included all patients who underwent endoscopic submucosal resection for gastric lesions between February 2009 and October 2016. Demographic data and information regarding the endoscopic resection, pathological report and follow-up were obtained. Statistical calculations were performed with Fisher's exact test and chi-square tests, with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: In total, 76% of the 51 lesions were adenocarcinomas, 16% were adenomas, and 8% had other diagnoses. The average size was 19.9 mm (±11.7). The average procedure length was 113.9 minutes (±71.4). The complication rate was 21.3%, with only one patient who needed surgical treatment (transmural perforation). Among the adenocarcinomas, 39.5% met the classic criteria for curability, 31.6% met the expanded criteria and 28.9% met the criteria for noncurative resection. Analysis of the indication criteria and curability revealed differences among cases with "only-by-size" expanded criteria (64.28%), other expanded criteria (40%) and classic criteria (89.47%), with a p-value of 0.049. During follow-up (15.8 months; ±14.3), 86.1% of the EGC patients had no recurrence. When well-differentiated and poorly differentiated lesions or lesions included in the classic and expanded criteria were compared, there were no differences in recurrence. The noncurative group presented a higher recurrence rate than the classic group (p=0.014). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the Japanese endoscopic submucosal resection criteria might be useful for endoscopic treatment of EGC in Western countries.

Endoscopic submucosal dissection for the treatment of early esophageal and gastric cancer: initial experience of a western center

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic submucosal dissection is a new Japanese technique characterized by en-bloc resection of the entire lesion irrespective of size, with lower local recurrence when compared to endoscopic mucosal resection. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility, early results and complications of the endoscopic submucosal dissection technique for treating early gastric and esophageal cancer at the Endoscopic Unit of Clinics Hospital and Cancer Institute of the São Paulo University. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty patients underwent endoscopic resection using the endoscopic submucosal dissection technique for early gastric or esophageal cancer. The patients were evaluated prospectively as to the executability of the technique, the short-term results of the procedure and complications. RESULTS: Sixteen gastric adenocarcinoma lesions and six esophageal squamous carcinoma lesions were resected. In the stomach, the mean diameter of the lesions was 16.2 mm (0.6-3.5 mm). Eight lesions were type IIa + IIc, four were type IIa and four IIc, with thirteen being well differentiated and three undifferentiated. Regarding the degree of invasion, five were M2, seven were M3, two were Sm1 and one was Sm2. The mean duration of the procedures was 85 min (20-160 min). In the esophagus, all of the lesions were type IIb, with a mean diameter of 17.8 mm (6-30 mm). Regarding the degree of invasion, three were M1, one was M2, one was M3 and one was Sm1. All had free lateral and deep margins. The mean time of the procedure was 78 min (20-150 min). CONCLUSION: The endoscopic submucosal dissection technique was feasible in our service with a high success rate.

Perfil de serviço de ecoendoscopia situado em hospital universitário de atenção terciária à saúde / Profile of endoscopic ultrasonography routine in an academic center

O impacto da ecoendoscopia foi comprovado por evidências do nível 1, gerando recomendação de grau A, no manejo de diversas situações clínicas conforme constatado no I Consenso Brasileiro de Ecoendoscopia. O objetivo do presente estudo é descrever o perfil de serviço de ecoendoscopia em hospital de perfil acadêmico e de atenção terciária à saúde, fornecendo informações que possam auxiliar na nucleação de novos serviços de ecoendoscopia. Foi realizada a análise retrospectiva dos laudos dos exames de ecoendoscopia realizados num período de 22 meses. As 1.218 ecoendoscopias realizadas naquele período corresponderam a cerca de 4% do total de procedimentos do serviço. Metade das indicações de ecoendoscopia foi a elucidação de doenças biliopancreáticas. Em cerca de 33% de todas as ecoendoscopias, realizou-se punção ou alguma terapêutica ecodirigida ou ecoguiada.Conclui-se que quando da organização de ecoendoscopia, especialmente num centro de referência, deve-se disponibilizar equipamento linear e expertise em punção ecoguiada de lesões biliopancreáticas...

Terapêutica endoscópica da pancreatite crônica / Endoscopic therapy of chronic pancreatitis

O mecanismo mais aceito da dor na pancreatite crônica é o aumento da pressäo do ducto pancreático secundário à obstruçäo por estenoses, cálculos intraductais e/ou por compressäo de pseudocistos. Dentre outros mecanismos citam-se a presença de hipertensäo intersticial, isquemia e neurite associada a pancreatite. O objetivo da drenagem pancreática é diminuir a pressäo intraductal, facilitando o fluxo do suco pancreático e permitindo a melhora da dor. A abordagem endoscópica no tratamento da pancreatite crônica vem-se difundindo por ser mais fácil, menos invasiva e com menores custos. No presente estudo, foram tratados 19 pacientes com pancreatite crônica; em 89,5 por cento deles conseguiu-se a remissäo da dor. Os procedimentos de drenagem endoscópica incluem: esfincterotomia pancreática, dilataçäo de estenoses, passagem de próteses pancreáticas, retirada de cálculos com ou sem auxílio da litotripsia extracorpórea e drenagem de pseudocistos. Esta abordagem poderá ser eletiva em pacientes que näo se beneficiam com o tratamento clínico, sem invalidar a possibilidade de intervençäo cirúrgica posterior.